# Problem Set 2

Due by 11:59 PM Sunday, February 28, 2021 by PDF upload in Blackboard Assignments

Please type your answers to the following questions in a document and save as a PDFIn MS Word, or Pages, or most word processing software, File -> Save As -> PDF, or File -> Export -> PDF.

to upload on Blackboard under Assignments. You may handwrite answers if you will be able to scan/photograph & convert them to a single PDF, if they are easily readable, but this is not preferred. See my guide to making a PDF - an essential skill in the modern world. If you are handwriting answers, you may print the pdf above and write on it, or just write on a piece of paper (we only need your answers).

For the few questions that ask you to draw a graph, try to do so on your computer (use MS Paint, the drawing tools in MS Word or MS Powerpoint, plot points in MS Excel, drawing/notetaking apps, etc.), and save it as an image to include on your homework document. Again, they need not be perfect or to scale, just show that you understand the broad idea. Being able to understand and sketch the graphs is still a very important and useful skill! If all else fails, I will be lenient in grading graph questions if you are unable to technologically include a graph.

You may work together (and I highly encourage that) but you must turn in your own answers. Your TA, under my supervision, will grade homeworks 70% for completion, and for the remaining 30%, and one question will be graded for accuracy - so it is best that you try every problem, even if you are unsure how to complete it accurately.

## Concepts and Critical Thinking

Please answer the following questions briefly (1-3 sentences). Use examples as necessary. Be sure to label graphs fully, if appropriate.

### Question 1

Describe, in your own words, the (i) price effect, (ii) real income effect, and (iii) substitution effect from a price change.

### Question 2

Under what conditions can the law of demand be violated (however theoretical)?

### Question 3

For each of the following pairs, which of the two goods is more likely to have a low price elasticity of demand (less elastic) and why?

#### Part A

Demand for tangerines vs. demand for fruit

#### Part B

Demand for beef next month vs. demand for beef over the next decade

#### Part C

Demand for Exxon gasoline at the corner of 7th and Grand vs. demand for gasoline in the entire city

#### Part D

Demand for insulin vs. demand for vitamins

### Question 4

Suppose that, holding prices constant, Alice has preferences over the number of books she purchases, illustrated in the table below.

Income Books
$5 5$10 6
$15 20$20 25
$25 26$30 10
$35 9$40 8
$45 7$50 6

Draw a smooth approximation of Alice’s Engel curve for books, and indicate the range(s) of income over which books are normal and/or inferior goods.

## Quantitative Applications

Show all work for calculations. You may lose points, even if correct, for missing work. Be sure to label graphs fully, if appropriate.

### Question 5

Steve spends his disposable income on meals at restaurants $$(r)$$ and paperback novels $$(n)$$. His usual restaurant meal costs $25, and paperback books cost$8. When Steve’s monthly income is $240, he goes out to eat 8 times and purchases 5 books. When his income rises to$282, he goes out to eat 10 times and purchases 4 books.

#### Part A

Calculate the income elasticity for meals at restaurants $$(r)$$. Is this an inferior, necessity, or luxury good?

#### Part B

Calculate the income elasticity for paperback novels $$(n)$$. Is this an inferior, necessity, or luxury good?

### Question 6

Kendra buys eggs $$(e)$$, bagels $$(b)$$, and coffee $$(c)$$ for breakfast for the week.

#### Part A

When eggs are $2/carton, she buys 5 bagels. When the price of eggs falls to$1/carton, she buys 4 bagels. Calculate the cross-price elasticity between eggs and bagels. Are they complements or substitutes for Kendra?

#### Part B

When eggs are $2/carton, she buys 3 cups of coffee. When the price of eggs falls to$1/carton, she buys 6 cups of coffee. Calculate the cross-price elasticity between eggs and coffee. Are they complements or substitutes for Kendra?

### Question 7

Sketch a graph showing a decrease in the price of a good (on the horizontal axis, e.g. $$x$$ if you want). Indicate the (real) income effect, substitution effect, and price effect on the graph. Labelling points and describing each effect as a movement between specific points is sufficient.

### Question 8

The demand for gym memberships is given by $q_D=500-5p$

#### Part A

Write the inverse demand function.

#### Part F

At what price is demand unit elastic, i.e. $$\epsilon_D=-1$$?

#### Part G

What is the total revenue at the price you find in part (f)?